This posting is an adjunct to the previous discussion(s) regarding the use of footnotes in historical writing, particularly paying attention to the use of them, and how many, in John Elting's Swords Around a Throne especially since that volume has been criticized by some on this forum and elsewhere as not being sufficiently sourced.
I spent time yesterday going through the book and found sourcing in the text which, although not footnoted, referenced specific sources as in naming who said specific items or subjects.
I found 552 references in the text to named individuals including Napoleon (84 instances-in two he is not referred to by name, but as 'the Emperor'), Coignet (34 instances), Marbot (27 instances), de Brack (21 instances) Blaze-both Elzear and Sebastien (18 instances), Berthier (6 instances), Amiel (5 instances), Prince Eugene (4 instances), and Pilloy (5 instances). Further, Teste, Auvray, Saint-Chamans, Grouchy, Bugeaud, Bigarre, Caulaincourt, Barres, Bourgogne, Thiebault, Oyon, Wilson, Gunn, Fezensac, Marmont, von Funck, Odeleben, Davout, Lejeune, Lauthonnye, Larrey, Desaix, Bussell, Massena, Mortier, Lambry, Rapp, Parquin, Gleig, Steininger, Girault, Soultrait, Carnot, are mentioned at least twice each (for a minimum of 62 more citings.
The question remains, why weren't all of these paraphrases cited in the endnotes. I have no idea, but that is the author's prerogative. If they were cited as endnotes, that would have significantly lengthened the endnotes by about 35 pages, allowing for 15 notes per page. That isn't that long, but it is somewhat significant.
The bottom line is that these 552 paraphrased references in the text increase the sourcing in the book to over 1300 when assed to the over 800 endnotes. And the overwhelming majority of the references in the text are primary source material.
That being the case, the idea that Swords is not well-sourced is 'counter-factual.'
Unable to resist my curiosity any longer, I consulted the Merriam-Webster's online dictionary as to the meaning of 'counter-factual.' There was no entry for 'counter-factual.'
Under 'counterfactual', however, (adjective...'first known use 1946')
I found this: Definition of counterfactual : 'contrary to fact' It turns out this means, amongst other things -
(See 'Synonyms & Near Synonyms for counterfactual-
erroneous, false, inaccurate, incorrect, inexact, invalid, off, unsound, untrue, untruthful....)*
- 'wrong'
alles ist klar
(*Footnote: scrolling down, the options become less complimentary
https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/counterfactual )
This is my demand and my criteria about history books, the author of course can do what he wants, write fiction or what else not.
Otherwise - scourge of repetition is looming again - enough time wasted.
That being the case, the idea that Swords is not well-sourced is 'counter-factual.'
Well that is your opinion - I have a different one, so I am counter factual? I demand of any serious historian to be transparent by decently quoting his sources and by that Elting is failing miserably.
In case how it should be done - for example
Napoleon and the Operational Art of War, edited by Michale V. Leggiere
Notwithstanding what you say here, the fact that a paraphrased comment is not properly referenced is quite troubling - after all paraphrasing is the moment at which ambiguity begins to creep in (interpretation of the original, leading to Chinese whispers etc). Methodologically that is a problem, and I wouldn't personally let my students get away with it. Its impossible to know the motives for the failure to footnote properly - could be publisher's influence, could be author choice. Modern scholars would probably be expected to put their foot down though and reference such things fully.